Whiplash-Associated Disorders : Clinical and medico-legal guidelines on the methods of ascertainment

S D Ferrara; V Ananian; E Baccino; P Banczerowski; D Bordignon; R Boscolo-Berto; R Domenici; J Gorriz Quevedo; M Graw; W Hell; C Hernandez Cueto; P J T Knudsen; S Masiero; M Montisci; G A Norelli; V Pinchi; R Raudys; J S Raul; V Sterzik; E Tessitore; J Tuusov; P Vanezis; Y Vermylen; D N Vieira; G Viel; A Viero; E Villanueva; R Zoia

doi:10.1007/s00414-015-1243-x

Whiplash-Associated Disorders : Clinical and medico-legal guidelines on the methods of ascertainment

Int J Legal Med. 2016 Jan;130(1):13-22. doi: 10.1007/s00414-015-1243-x. Epub 2015 Sep 5.

Authors

S D Ferrara¹, V Ananian², E Baccino³, P Banczerowski⁴, D Bordignon⁵, R Boscolo-Berto², R Domenici⁶, J Gorriz Quevedo⁷, M Graw⁸, W Hell⁸, C Hernandez Cueto⁹, P J T Knudsen¹⁰, S Masiero¹¹, M Montisci², G A Norelli¹², V Pinchi¹², R Raudys¹³, J S Raul¹⁴, V Sterzik¹⁵, E Tessitore¹⁶, J Tuusov¹⁷, P Vanezis¹⁸, Y Vermylen¹⁹, D N Vieira²⁰, G Viel², A Viero², E Villanueva²¹, R Zoia²²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Legal and Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Public Health, University-Hospital of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35121, Padova, Italy. [email protected].
² Department of Legal and Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Public Health, University-Hospital of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35121, Padova, Italy.
³ Service de Médecine Légale Hôpital Lapeyronie, University of Montpellier, 191 Av. du Doyen Gaston Giraud, Montpellier, Cedex 34295, France.
⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, Semmelweis University, Amerikai út 57, 1145, Budapest, XIV, Hungary.
⁵ Private Medico-Legal Practice, Strada Marosticana 333, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.
⁶ Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
⁷ Gorriz Hernando Médicos, Avda/Diagonal, 612 5° 9a, Barcelona, Spain.
⁸ Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of München, Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336, Munich, Germany.
⁹ Department of Legal Medicine, Forensic Toxicology and Anthropology, University of Granada, Avda. de Madrid 11, 18071, Granada, Spain.
¹⁰ Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
¹¹ Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 1, 35128, Padova, Italy.
¹² Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Sciences (DSS), University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
¹³ State Forensic Medicine Service under the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Lithuania, Mykolo Romerio Universitetas, Didlaukio g. 86E, Vilnius, 08303, Lithuania.
¹⁴ Institut de Médecine Légale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, 11 Rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg, France.
¹⁵ Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 3, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
¹⁶ Département de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurochirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
¹⁷ Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
¹⁸ Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cameron Forensic Medical Sciences, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
¹⁹ Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Catholic University Leuven, Capucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
²⁰ National Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Coimbra, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213, Coimbra, Portugal.
²¹ Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, University of Granada, Avda Madrid 11, 18071, Granada, Spain.
²² Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Milan, V. Mangiagalli, 37, 20133, Milan, Italy.

PMID: 26342284
DOI: 10.1007/s00414-015-1243-x

Abstract

The manuscript presents the International Guidelines developed by the Working Group on Personal Injury and Damage under the patronage of the International Academy of Legal Medicine (IALM) regarding the Methods of Ascertainment of any suspected Whiplash-Associated Disorders (WAD).The document includes a detailed description of the logical and methodological steps of the ascertainment process as well as a synoptic diagram in the form of Flow Chart.

Keywords: IALM; International guidelines; Methods of ascertainment; Personal damage; Personal injury; Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD).

Publication types

Practice Guideline

MeSH terms

Humans
Medical History Taking / standards
Physical Examination / standards
Visual Analog Scale
Whiplash Injuries / diagnosis*