This article reported diagnostic findings in application of Chinese diagnostic criteria of neurosis published by Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry (1986; 19: 318-321) to a series of neurotic patients. 66 cases and 50 cases were met criteria of depressive neurosis and neurasthenia respectively. Two groups were compared. The results revealed some similarities and a lot of differences between these two disorders. According to clinical features authors proposed main points of differential diagnosis between these two disorders.