Catalytic mechanism and novel receptor binding sites of human parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hPIV3 HN)

Antiviral Res. 2015 Nov:123:216-23. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.08.014. Epub 2015 Sep 10.

Abstract

The human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) has opposing functions of binding sialic acid receptors and cleaving them, facilitating virus release. The crystal structure of hPIV3 HN complexed with the substrate analogue difluorosialic acid (DFSA) revealed that catalysis by HN involves the formation of a covalently linked sialosyl-enzyme intermediate which was trapped along with a transition-state analogue resembling an oxocarbenium ion. This mechanism of enzyme catalysis was also confirmed in the crystal structure of the influenza N9 neuraminidase complexed with DFSA. Additionally, novel secondary receptor binding sites were identified in the hPIV3 HN-DFSA complex including one near the catalytic cavity which upon binding DFSA imposes subtle changes and may help the HN balance the opposing functions. Multiple receptor binding sites may increase avidity to facilitate cell binding and fusion promotion. The secondary receptor binding sites in the paramyxoviruses are so far unique to each virus type.

Keywords: Catalytic mechanism; Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) structure; Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV3); Neuraminidase inhibitors; Receptor binding sites.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Binding Sites
  • Biotransformation
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • HN Protein / chemistry*
  • HN Protein / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / chemistry
  • Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / enzymology*
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Conformation
  • Sialic Acids / chemistry*
  • Sialic Acids / metabolism*

Substances

  • HN Protein
  • Sialic Acids

Associated data

  • PDB/4WEF
  • PDB/4WEG