9q33.3q34.11 microdeletion: new contiguous gene syndrome encompassing STXBP1, LMX1B and ENG genes assessed using reverse phenotyping

Eur J Hum Genet. 2016 Jun;24(6):830-7. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.202. Epub 2015 Sep 23.

Abstract

The increasing use of array-CGH in malformation syndromes with intellectual disability could lead to the description of new contiguous gene syndrome by the analysis of the gene content of the microdeletion and reverse phenotyping. Thanks to a national and international call for collaboration by Achropuce and Decipher, we recruited four patients carrying de novo overlapping deletions of chromosome 9q33.3q34.11, including the STXBP1, the LMX1B and the ENG genes. We restrained the selection to these three genes because the effects of their haploinsufficency are well described in the literature and easily recognizable clinically. All deletions were detected by array-CGH and confirmed by FISH. The patients display common clinical features, including intellectual disability with epilepsy, owing to the presence of STXBP1 within the deletion, nail dysplasia and bone malformations, in particular patellar abnormalities attributed to LMX1B deletion, epistaxis and cutaneous-mucous telangiectasias explained by ENG haploinsufficiency and common facial dysmorphism. This systematic analysis of the genes comprised in the deletion allowed us to identify genes whose haploinsufficiency is expected to lead to disease manifestations and complications that require personalized follow-up, in particular for renal, eye, ear, vascular and neurological manifestations.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Chromosome Deletion*
  • Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 / genetics
  • Craniofacial Abnormalities / diagnosis
  • Craniofacial Abnormalities / genetics*
  • Endoglin / genetics*
  • Epilepsy / diagnosis
  • Epilepsy / genetics*
  • Female
  • Haploinsufficiency
  • Humans
  • Intellectual Disability / diagnosis
  • Intellectual Disability / genetics*
  • LIM-Homeodomain Proteins / genetics*
  • Male
  • Munc18 Proteins / genetics*
  • Phenotype
  • Syndrome
  • Transcription Factors / genetics*

Substances

  • ENG protein, human
  • Endoglin
  • LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 beta
  • LIM-Homeodomain Proteins
  • Munc18 Proteins
  • STXBP1 protein, human
  • Transcription Factors