Does general practice deliver safe primary care to people living with HIV? A case-notes review

Background: Safe care in general practice for people living with HIV requires early diagnosis of undetected infection and safe co-prescribing with antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Aim: To evaluate safe co-prescribing in general practice patients who are taking ART, and to describe missed diagnostic opportunities for undiagnosed HIV infection in primary care.

Design and setting: Retrospective case-notes review in general practices within NHS City and Hackney Primary Care Trust (PCT), London, UK.

Method: All general practices in NHS City and Hackney PCT were invited to participate. Patients known to be HIV positive were identified using Read Codes. Each practice undertook retrospective case-notes reviews on specialist correspondence, coding of ART, prescribing of common contraindicated drug pairings, and missed opportunities for HIV diagnosis.

Results: In total, 31/44 (70.5%) practices participated, and 1022 people living with HIV were identified. Practices had received HIV clinic letters for 698 of those 1022 (68.3%) patients in the previous 12 months. Of the 787 patients known to be prescribed ART, only 413 (52.5%) had correct drug codes recorded; 32/787 (4.1%) were receiving specified contraindicated drug pairings. In total, 89 patients were eligible for their case-notes to undergo a retrospective review of occurrences that took place pre-diagnosis. In the 2 years preceding diagnosis, these 89 had attended 716 face-to-face GP consultations, of which 123 (17.2%) were for indicator conditions. Fifty-one of these patients (57.3%) presented at least once with an indicator condition (interquartile range 1-3; median 2).

Conclusion: In a large-scale evaluation of GP records of people living with HIV, gaps in ART recording and co-prescribing were identified, and evidence demonstrated missed opportunities for diagnosis within general practice. Specialists and generalists must communicate better to enhance safe prescribing and reduce delayed diagnosis.