Characteristics of Hypovascular versus Hypervascular Well-Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Smaller Than 2 cm - Focus on Tumor Size, Markers and Imaging Detectability

Dig Dis. 2015 Oct;33(6):721-7. doi: 10.1159/000439078. Epub 2015 Oct 21.

Abstract

Objectives: The characteristics of hypovascular and hypervascular well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were compared in terms of tumor size, tumor markers and detectability by imaging modalities.

Methods: Well-differentiated HCC nodules that are smaller than 2 cm (n = 27) were evaluated in 27 patients using histopathology and divided into 2 groups: hypovascular (n = 10) and hypervascular (n = 17). The diagnostic sensitivity of imaging modalities was then evaluated for efficiency in disclosing tumor size and tumor markers in the 2 types.

Results: No difference was observed in tumor size and tumor markers between the 2 types; however, the sensitivity of contrast-enhanced CT, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and arterioportal angiography was significantly different between the 2 types, whereas that by Gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI) demonstrated no difference.

Conclusion: Hypovascular HCC could be diagnosed by Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI in the hepatobiliary phase.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Angiography
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / blood*
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / blood
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / blood supply*
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / diagnosis*
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / pathology
  • Contrast Media
  • Female
  • Gadolinium DTPA
  • Humans
  • Image Enhancement
  • Liver / blood supply
  • Liver / pathology
  • Liver Neoplasms / blood
  • Liver Neoplasms / blood supply*
  • Liver Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Liver Neoplasms / pathology
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Protein Precursors / blood
  • Prothrombin
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Ultrasonography
  • alpha-Fetoproteins / analysis

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Contrast Media
  • Protein Precursors
  • alpha-Fetoproteins
  • gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA
  • acarboxyprothrombin
  • Prothrombin
  • Gadolinium DTPA