The first 100 liver transplantations at the Mayo Clinic were performed in 83 patients, who required a total of 917 patient days in the intensive-care unit (ICU). The mean duration of stay in the ICU was 5.91 days after liver transplantation and 6.15 days for patients who subsequently required readmission to the ICU. During the immediate postoperative period, hypothermia and hyperglycemia invariably occurred. Later during the initial admission or on readmission to the ICU, there arose the possibility of infections and renal insufficiency. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are necessary for hypertension, hypokalemia, severe metabolic alkalosis, fever, altered mental status, oliguria, and signs of graft failure in liver transplant patients. In our patient series, selective bowel decontamination minimized the occurrence of gram-negative and fungal sepsis, and use of antihypertensive agents and correction of coagulopathies may have decreased the risk of intracranial bleeding in patients with hypertension and clotting defects. Anticipation of potential conditions postoperatively and early implementation of treatment are key factors in the successful ICU management of patients who have undergone liver transplantation.