Screening for transfusion transmissible infections using rapid diagnostic tests in Africa: a potential hazard to blood safety?

Vox Sang. 2016 Feb;110(2):196-8. doi: 10.1111/vox.12327. Epub 2015 Dec 8.

Abstract

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are routinely used in African blood centres. We analysed data from two cross-sectional studies representing 95 blood centres in 29 African countries. Standardized panels of sera containing varying concentrations of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies (Ab), hepatitis B virus antigen (HBsAg) and antihepatitis C virus (HCV) Ab were screened using routine operational testing procedures at the centres. Sensitivity of detection using RDTs was high for HIV Ab-positive samples, but low for intermediately HBsAg (51·5%) and HCV Ab (40·6%)-positive samples. These findings suggest that current RDT use in Africa could pose a hazard to blood safety.

Keywords: Africa; HIV; blood transfusion; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; rapid diagnostic test.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Africa
  • Blood Safety / methods*
  • Diagnostic Tests, Routine / adverse effects*
  • Diagnostic Tests, Routine / methods
  • HIV Infections / diagnosis
  • HIV Infections / etiology
  • Hepatitis B / blood*
  • Hepatitis B / etiology
  • Hepatitis C / blood*
  • Hepatitis C / etiology
  • Humans
  • Mass Screening / adverse effects*
  • Mass Screening / methods
  • Serologic Tests / adverse effects
  • Serologic Tests / methods