Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is caused by deficient alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase, the human peroxisomal enzyme that detoxifies glyoxylate. Glycolate is one of the best-known substrates leading to glyoxylate production, via peroxisomal glycolate oxidase (GO). Using genetically modified mice, we herein report GO as a safe and efficient target for substrate reduction therapy (SRT) in PH1. We first generated a GO-deficient mouse (Hao1(-/-)) that presented high urine glycolate levels but no additional phenotype. Next, we produced double KO mice (Agxt1(-/-) Hao1(-/-)) that showed low levels of oxalate excretion compared with hyperoxaluric mice model (Agxt1(-/-)). Previous studies have identified some GO inhibitors, such as 4-carboxy-5-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfanyl]-1,2,3-thiadiazole (CCPST). We herein report that CCPST inhibits GO in Agxt1(-/-) hepatocytes and significantly reduces their oxalate production, starting at 25 µM. We also tested the ability of orally administered CCPST to reduce oxalate excretion in Agxt1(-/-) mice, showing that 30-50% reduction in urine oxalate can be achieved. In summary, we present proof-of-concept evidence for SRT in PH1. These encouraging results should be followed by a medicinal chemistry programme that might yield more potent GO inhibitors and eventually could result in a pharmacological treatment for this rare and severe inborn error of metabolism.