Background and objectives: The objective was to compare the dietary intakes of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to individuals without diabetes in China.
Methods and study design: Data are from 1) the 3C Nutrition Ancillary Study, a cross-sectional study of individuals with T1D in China, and 2) the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake in both samples was assessed using three 24-hour recalls. ANCOVA and multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for sex, age, and urban-rural residence, were used to assess differences in nutrient and food group intake between participants without diabetes (n=1059) and participants with T1D (n=97), who were stratified by insulin regimen (basal-bolus, n=49, versus fixed, n=48).
Results: Participants with T1D had a lower percentage of energy from carbohydrates, higher vegetable intake, and were more likely to consume lowfat cakes and fungi/sea weed compared to participants without diabetes (all p<0.05). Distinguishing characteristics of insulin regimen groups also emerged. Participants on fixed regimens had higher intakes of wheat and were less likely to consume fruit and more likely to consume high-fat cakes and dairy compared to participants without diabetes (all p<0.05). Participants on basal-bolus regimens were less likely to consume fried foods and more likely to consume fish/shellfish compared to participants without diabetes (all p<0.05).
Conclusions: Differences in dietary intake between participants with and without T1D in China suggest that dietary modifications are common and reflect carbohydrate-conscious nutrition recommendations for individuals with T1D. Future research should focus on the health effects of these modifications.
背景与目的：比较中国1 型糖尿病患者与正常人群的膳食摄入之间的差异。方 法与研究设计：数据来源于3C 营养辅助研究（中国1 型糖尿病横断面研究） 及中国健康与营养调查，两项研究均的膳食摄入量是采用3 天24 小时回顾法 评估的。本研究经调整年龄、性别及城乡差异，应用协方差分析和多因素 Logistic 回归分析比较1 型糖尿病患者（n=97）及正常人群（n=1059）营养素 和食物组分摄入之间的差异，并对1 型糖尿病患者根据胰岛素治疗方式进行分 层分析（基础餐食方案，n=49；固定剂量方案，n=48）。结果：与正常人群 相比，1 型糖尿病患者能量摄入中碳水化合物占的比例较低，蔬菜类较高，更 倾向于摄入低脂点心、木耳、海带类食物（p<0.05）。不同胰岛素治疗组之间 亦存在差异。与正常人群相比，使用固定剂量胰岛素方案的1 型糖尿病患者摄 入小麦制品、高脂点心及奶制品较多，而水果类较少（p<0.05），使用基础餐 食胰岛素方案的1 型糖尿病患者摄入油炸食品较少而鱼类及海鲜类食品较多 （p<0.05）。结论：中国1 型糖尿病患者与正常人群之间膳食摄入的差异提示 1 型糖尿病患者膳食调整比较常见，更关注碳水化合物摄入的饮食指导建议。 未来需要进一步研究这种膳食调整对健康的影响。.