Shedding of Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) by HIV-Infected and -Uninfected Mothers of OPV-Vaccinated Zimbabwean Infants

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2017 Mar 1;6(1):105-108. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piv083.

Abstract

Community circulation of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) likely begins with household transmission. We analyzed stool collected from Zimbabwean mothers who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and those who were uninfected with HIV 1 to 24 weeks after infant oral poliovirus vaccination. Overall, only 5% of the mothers had detectable OPV (16 of 304) despite high infant shedding rates. OPV shedding was similar between HIV-infected mothers and those who were uninfected (11 [6.4%] of 171 vs 5 [3.8%] of 133, respectively) and between mothers of HIV-infected infants and those of uninfected infants (2 [3.5%] of 57 vs 9 [6.3%] of 144, respectively). Mothers of vaccinated infants are unlikely to shed OPV, even when they are infected with HIV.

Keywords: OPV; OPV shedding; contact shedding of OPV; oral poliovirus vaccine; poliovirus transmission.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use
  • Cesarean Section
  • Developing Countries*
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • HIV Infections / transmission*
  • HIV Infections / virology*
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical*
  • Male
  • Mothers*
  • Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral*
  • Pregnancy
  • Viral Load
  • Virus Shedding*
  • Zimbabwe

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents
  • Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral