Transthoracic esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer is one of the most invasive of all gastrointestinal surgery. Postoperative management and surgical techniques are improved. However, many patients are more elderly or suffering from comorbid diseases or in malnutrition status. In order to prevent for postoperative complications after esophagectomy, especially for respiratory complication and swallowing dysfunction, adequate rehabilitation approaches are necessary depending on the various conditions.