NMR Binding and Functional Assays for Detecting Inhibitors of S. aureus MnaA

J Biomol Screen. 2016 Jul;21(6):579-89. doi: 10.1177/1087057116640199. Epub 2016 Mar 29.

Abstract

Nonessential enzymes in the staphylococcal wall teichoic acid (WTA) pathway serve as highly validated β-lactam potentiation targets. MnaA (UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase) plays an important role in an early step of WTA biosynthesis by providing an activated form of ManNAc. Identification of a selective MnaA inhibitor would provide a tool to interrogate the contribution of the MnaA enzyme in the WTA pathway as well as serve as an adjuvant to restore β-lactam activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, development of an epimerase functional assay can be challenging since both MnaA substrate and product (UDP-GlcNAc/UDP-ManNAc) share an identical molecular weight. Herein, we developed a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) functional assay that can be combined with other NMR approaches to triage putative MnaA inhibitors from phenotypic cell-based screening campaigns. In addition, we determined that tunicamycin, a potent WTA pathway inhibitor, inhibits both S. aureus MnaA and a functionally redundant epimerase, Cap5P.

Keywords: MnaA (UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase); NMR-based hit validation; drug discovery; tunicamycin; wall teichoic acid (WTA).

MeSH terms

  • Carbohydrate Epimerases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Carbohydrate Epimerases / chemistry
  • Cell Wall / chemistry
  • Cell Wall / drug effects*
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / methods*
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects*
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / pathogenicity
  • Teichoic Acids / chemistry
  • Teichoic Acids / metabolism
  • Uridine Diphosphate Sugars / chemistry
  • Uridine Diphosphate Sugars / metabolism
  • beta-Lactam Resistance / drug effects
  • beta-Lactamases / chemistry
  • beta-Lactamases / drug effects

Substances

  • Teichoic Acids
  • Uridine Diphosphate Sugars
  • uridine diphosphate N-acetylmannosamine
  • beta-Lactamases
  • Carbohydrate Epimerases
  • UDP acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase