Multiple myeloma-derived MMP-13 mediates osteoclast fusogenesis and osteolytic disease

J Clin Invest. 2016 May 2;126(5):1759-72. doi: 10.1172/JCI80276. Epub 2016 Apr 4.

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) cells secrete osteoclastogenic factors that promote osteolytic lesions; however, the identity of these factors is largely unknown. Here, we performed a screen of human myeloma cells to identify pro-osteoclastogenic agents that could potentially serve as therapeutic targets for ameliorating MM-associated bone disease. We found that myeloma cells express high levels of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-13 and determined that MMP-13 directly enhances osteoclast multinucleation and bone-resorptive activity by triggering upregulation of the cell fusogen DC-STAMP. Moreover, this effect was independent of the proteolytic activity of the enzyme. Further, in mouse xenograft models, silencing MMP-13 expression in myeloma cells inhibited the development of osteolytic lesions. In patient cohorts, MMP-13 expression was localized to BM-associated myeloma cells, while elevated MMP-13 serum levels were able to correctly predict the presence of active bone disease. Together, these data demonstrate that MMP-13 is critical for the development of osteolytic lesions in MM and that targeting the MMP-13 protein - rather than its catalytic activity - constitutes a potential approach to mitigating bone disease in affected patients.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Fusion
  • Female
  • Heterografts
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / genetics
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Multiple Myeloma / enzymology*
  • Multiple Myeloma / genetics
  • Multiple Myeloma / pathology
  • Multiple Myeloma / therapy
  • Neoplasm Proteins / genetics
  • Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism*
  • Neoplasm Transplantation
  • Osteoclasts / enzymology*
  • Osteoclasts / pathology
  • Osteolysis / enzymology*
  • Osteolysis / genetics
  • Osteolysis / pathology
  • Osteolysis / therapy

Substances

  • Neoplasm Proteins
  • MMP13 protein, human
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 13