Effects of ecologically relevant concentrations of cadmium in a freshwater fish

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016 Aug:130:29-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.046. Epub 2016 Apr 7.

Abstract

Sub-chronic effects of ecologically relevant concentrations of cadmium (Cd) were evaluated in the catfish Rhamdia quelen. The fish were exposed to Cd (0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100μgL(-1)) for 15 days. Bioconcentration was observed in the liver of fish exposed to 10 and 100μgL(-1) of cadmium. The liver glutathione S-transferase activity decreased at 0.1 and 1μgL(-1) and increased at 100μgL(-1) and lipoperoxidation increased in all tested concentrations. Fish exposed to 0.1, 1 and 100µgL(-1) Cd presented increase in hepatic lesion index. In the kidney, the catalase activity and LPO reduced in all exposed groups. The gluthatione peroxidase, etoxiresorufin-O-deethylase activities and metallothionein increased at the highest concentration of Cd, but the level of reduced glutathione decreased. The genotoxicity was observed at 0.1 and 100μgL(-1). Neurotoxicity was not observed. The results showed that low concentrations (range of μgL(-1)) of Cd caused hepato-, nephro- and hematological alterations in this freshwater fish species.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Genotoxicity; Metal; Oxidative stress; Rhamdia quelen.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cadmium / metabolism*
  • Cadmium / toxicity*
  • Catalase / metabolism
  • Catfishes / metabolism*
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / metabolism
  • Fresh Water
  • Glutathione / metabolism
  • Glutathione Peroxidase / metabolism
  • Glutathione Transferase / metabolism
  • Kidney / drug effects
  • Kidney / enzymology*
  • Lipid Peroxidation / drug effects
  • Liver / drug effects
  • Liver / enzymology*
  • Male
  • Metallothionein / metabolism
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / metabolism
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / toxicity

Substances

  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Cadmium
  • Metallothionein
  • Catalase
  • Glutathione Peroxidase
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1
  • Glutathione Transferase
  • Glutathione