Intraoperative Defibrillation Testing of Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Systems-A Simple Issue?

J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Mar 15;5(3):e003181. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.003181.

Abstract

Background: The results of the recently published randomized SIMPLE trial question the role of routine intraoperative defibrillation testing. However, testing is still recommended during implantation of the entirely subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) system. To address the question of whether defibrillation testing in S-ICD systems is still necessary, we analyzed the data of a large, standard-of-care prospective single-center S-ICD registry.

Methods and results: In the present study, 102 consecutive patients received an S-ICD for primary (n=50) or secondary prevention (n=52). Defibrillation testing was performed in all except 4 patients. In 74 (75%; 95% CI 0.66-0.83) of 98 patients, ventricular fibrillation was effectively terminated by the first programmed internal shock. In 24 (25%; 95% CI 0.22-0.44) of 98 patients, the first internal shock was ineffective and further internal or external shock deliveries were required. In these patients, programming to reversed shock polarity (n=14) or repositioning of the sensing lead (n=1) or the pulse generator (n=5) led to successful defibrillation. In 4 patients, a safety margin of <10 J was not attained. Nevertheless, in these 4 patients, ventricular arrhythmias were effectively terminated with an internal 80-J shock.

Conclusions: Although it has been shown that defibrillation testing is not necessary in transvenous ICD systems, it seems particular important for S-ICD systems, because in nearly 25% of the cases the primary intraoperative test was not successful. In most cases, a successful defibrillation could be achieved by changing shock polarity or by optimizing the shock vector caused by the pulse generator or lead repositioning.

Keywords: defibrillator testing; device complications; implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator, subcutaneous; sudden cardiac death.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Death, Sudden, Cardiac / etiology
  • Death, Sudden, Cardiac / prevention & control*
  • Defibrillators, Implantable*
  • Electric Countershock / instrumentation*
  • Electrocardiography
  • Female
  • Germany
  • Humans
  • Intraoperative Care*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Primary Prevention / instrumentation*
  • Primary Prevention / methods
  • Prosthesis Design
  • Prosthesis Failure*
  • Prosthesis Implantation / instrumentation*
  • Prosthesis Implantation / methods
  • Registries
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Secondary Prevention / instrumentation*
  • Secondary Prevention / methods
  • Ventricular Fibrillation / complications
  • Ventricular Fibrillation / diagnosis
  • Ventricular Fibrillation / mortality
  • Ventricular Fibrillation / physiopathology
  • Ventricular Fibrillation / therapy*