MR imaging of skeletal muscle signal alterations: Systematic approach to evaluation

Eur J Radiol. 2016 May;85(5):922-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.02.007. Epub 2016 Feb 8.

Abstract

Muscle edema or edema-like signal alterations are commonly encountered findings in musculoskeletal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Although such signal alterations are very sensitive for detection of the underlying muscle pathology, these are often non-specific findings. Encompassing knowledge of their typical clinical presentations, characteristic appearances and patterns of muscle signal alterations and following a systematic approach towards their assessment, a reader can effectively narrow down the differential diagnosis. This article outlines the role of conventional imaging and advanced anatomic and functional musculoskeletal MR imaging techniques in the evaluation of various muscle disorders and presents a systematic approach towards their diagnosis and management.

Keywords: Edema; MRI; Muscle; Myopathy; Systematic approach.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Edema / diagnostic imaging
  • Edema / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods*
  • Muscle, Skeletal / diagnostic imaging*
  • Muscle, Skeletal / innervation*
  • Muscle, Skeletal / physiopathology
  • Muscular Diseases / diagnostic imaging*
  • Muscular Diseases / physiopathology*