Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 4G/5G Polymorphism is Associated with Reproductive Failure: Metabolic, Hormonal, and Immune Profiles

Am J Reprod Immunol. 2016 Jul;76(1):70-81. doi: 10.1111/aji.12516. Epub 2016 May 4.

Abstract

Problem: Association between PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism and reproductive failures has been postulated. We aimed to investigate its impact on metabolic, hormonal, and immune profiles of women with reproductive failures.

Method of study: A retrospective study was carried out in 208 women with a history of reproductive failure. Study patients were divided into three groups: women with repeated implantation failure (RIF, n = 40), recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL, n = 113), and both RIF and RPL (n = 55). Fertile controls were 92.

Results: PAI-1 4G/4G was prevalent in RPL, RIF, and RIF/RPL groups when compared with controls (P = 0.003) and associated with increased risks of RIF, RPL, and RIF with RPL (OR = 4.5, 2.2 and 2.7). Women with PAI-1 4G/4G have significantly higher BMI, glucose, and PAI-1 levels and lower NK cytotoxicity when compared with women without PAI-1 4G/4G.

Conclusion: PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism plays a major role in the pathogenesis of RPL and RIF by altering metabolic and immunological profiles.

Keywords: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; recurrent pregnancy loss; repeated implantation failure.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Abortion, Spontaneous* / blood
  • Abortion, Spontaneous* / genetics
  • Abortion, Spontaneous* / immunology
  • Blood Glucose* / immunology
  • Blood Glucose* / metabolism
  • Female
  • Hormones* / blood
  • Hormones* / immunology
  • Humans
  • Killer Cells, Natural* / immunology
  • Killer Cells, Natural* / metabolism
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1* / blood
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1* / genetics
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1* / immunology
  • Polymorphism, Genetic / immunology*
  • Pregnancy

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Hormones
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1
  • SERPINE1 protein, human