Setting Occupational Exposure Limits for Genotoxic Substances in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Toxicol Sci. 2016 May;151(1):2-9. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw028.

Abstract

In the pharmaceutical industry, genotoxic drug substances are developed for life-threatening indications such as cancer. Healthy employees handle these substances during research, development, and manufacturing; therefore, safe handling of genotoxic substances is essential. When an adequate preclinical dataset is available, a risk-based decision related to exposure controls for manufacturing is made following a determination of safe health-based limits, such as an occupational exposure limit (OEL). OELs are calculated for substances based on a threshold dose-response once a threshold is identified. In this review, we present examples of genotoxic mechanisms where thresholds can be demonstrated and OELs can be calculated, including a holistic toxicity assessment. We also propose a novel approach for inhalation Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) limit for genotoxic substances in cases where the database is not adequate to determine a threshold.

Keywords: TTC; acceptable risk; genotoxicity; occupational exposure limit; threshold.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • DNA Damage*
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Industry / standards*
  • Humans
  • Inhalation Exposure / adverse effects
  • Inhalation Exposure / standards
  • Models, Biological
  • Mutagens / adverse effects*
  • Neoplasms / chemically induced
  • Neoplasms / genetics
  • Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • Occupational Diseases / chemically induced
  • Occupational Diseases / genetics
  • Occupational Diseases / prevention & control*
  • Occupational Exposure / adverse effects*
  • Occupational Exposure / standards*
  • Occupational Health / standards*
  • Risk Assessment

Substances

  • Mutagens