Thermodynamics, Disequilibrium, Evolution: Far-From-Equilibrium Geological and Chemical Considerations for Origin-Of-Life Research

Affiliations

• ¹ NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA. [email protected].
• ² Icy Worlds Team, NASA Astrobiology Institute, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA. [email protected].
• ³ Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
• ⁴ Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Florence, Italy.
• ⁵ Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK.
• ⁶ Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, E-18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
• ⁷ Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain.
• ⁸ Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan.
• ⁹ Earth and Life Science Institute, Tokyo Technical University, Tokyo, Japan.
• ¹⁰ Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, LNLS / CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil.
• ¹¹ School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
• ¹² Observatoire de Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
• ¹³ Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0399, USA.
• ¹⁴ School of Molecular Sciences and School of Earth & Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
• ¹⁵ NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
• ¹⁶ Icy Worlds Team, NASA Astrobiology Institute, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA.
• ¹⁷ Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA.
• ¹⁸ Impossible Sensing, St. Louis, MO, USA.