Midbrain-like Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Contain Functional Dopaminergic and Neuromelanin-Producing Neurons

Affiliations

• ¹ Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
• ² Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
• ³ Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore; National Neuroscience Institute, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
• ⁴ Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
• ⁵ Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
• ⁶ Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
• ⁷ Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
• ⁸ School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
• ⁹ School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
• ¹⁰ The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
• ¹¹ The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
• ¹² The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
• ¹³ The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
• ¹⁴ National Neuroscience Institute, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
• ¹⁵ Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ¹⁶ Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 639798, Singapore. Electronic address: [email protected].