Melanoma central nervous system metastases: current approaches, challenges, and opportunities

Affiliations

• ¹ Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
• ² Department of Melanoma, Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
• ³ Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
• ⁴ Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ⁵ Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁶ Division of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
• ⁷ Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ⁸ Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Neurology & Herbert Irving Comprehensive, Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
• ¹⁰ UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ¹¹ Department of Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
• ¹² Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ¹³ Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital - Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
• ¹⁴ Department of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹⁵ Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
• ¹⁶ Melanoma Research Foundation, Washington, DC, USA.