The use of mannitol in HIV-infected patients with symptomatic cryptococcal meningitis

Drug Discov Ther. 2017 Jan 15;10(6):329-333. doi: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01054. Epub 2016 Oct 11.

Abstract

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a common opportunistic infection with a high mortality rate in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. It is unclear whether mannitol could be used to manage neurological symptoms in HIV-associated CM. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 33 patients with HIV-associated symptomatic CM at our hospital where mannitol was used to relieve neurologic symptoms. With the empirical mannitol therapy, patients had a median of 2 episodes (range, 1-6 episodes) of headaches the day at the starting of anti-cryptococcal therapy. The median score of pain intensity assessed by numerical rating scales was 7-point (range, 4-8 points). After the administration of mannitol, the score of pain intensity was reduced to 3-point or less. Three weeks after anti-cryptococcal therapy, 75.8% (25/33) of the patients did not report headaches. During the initial 3 weeks of anti-cryptococcal therapy, 13 patients had a total of 42 episodes of seizures. 97.6% (41/42) of the episodes of seizures were controlled after the administration of mannitol. Overall, 87.9% (29/33) of the patients survived more than 10 weeks without the need of therapeutic cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Mannitol was used for median of 26 days (range, 1-85 days) in these 29 patients. One patient had permanent vision loss. This study indicates that mannitol may possibly relieve neurologic symptoms in HIV-associated CM. It is worth re-revaluating the role of mannitol administration as a symptom control strategy in mild cases of HIV-associated CM.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antifungal Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Child
  • Female
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy*
  • Headache / etiology
  • Headache / prevention & control
  • Humans
  • Intracranial Pressure / drug effects
  • Male
  • Mannitol / administration & dosage*
  • Mannitol / pharmacology
  • Meningitis, Cryptococcal / complications
  • Meningitis, Cryptococcal / drug therapy*
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Seizures / etiology
  • Seizures / prevention & control
  • Survival Analysis
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antifungal Agents
  • Mannitol