Emerging role of immunotherapy in urothelial carcinoma-Future directions and novel therapies

Jong Chul Park; Noah M Hahn

doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.09.002

Emerging role of immunotherapy in urothelial carcinoma-Future directions and novel therapies

Urol Oncol. 2016 Dec;34(12):566-576. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.09.002. Epub 2016 Oct 20.

Authors

Jong Chul Park¹, Noah M Hahn²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Oncology at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Baltimore, MD.
² Departments of Oncology and Urology at Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address: [email protected].

PMID: 27773553
DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.09.002

Abstract

Tremendous advances in our understanding of the tumor immunology and molecular biology of urothelial carcinoma (UC) have led to the recent approval of immunotherapy as a novel option for patients with UC with advanced disease. Despite the promising data of novel immune checkpoint inhibitors, only a small subset of patients with UC achieves durable remissions. Because an optimal antitumor response requires coordination of multiple immune, tumor, and microenvironment effector cells, novel approaches targeting distinct mechanisms of action likely in combination are needed. In addition, discovery of reliable immune biomarkers, understanding of mechanisms of resistance, and novel clinical trial designs are warranted for maximum benefit of UC immunotherapy.

Keywords: Combination immune therapy; Immune biomarker; Immunotherapy; Novel clinical trial design; Urothelial carcinoma.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Antibodies, Monoclonal / adverse effects
Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / adverse effects
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / therapeutic use*
B7-H1 Antigen / antagonists & inhibitors
B7-H1 Antigen / immunology
Biomarkers, Tumor
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / drug therapy
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / immunology
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / therapy*
Clinical Trials as Topic
Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors / antagonists & inhibitors
Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors / immunology
Forecasting
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Immunotherapy*
Immunotherapy, Adoptive
Molecular Targeted Therapy*
Neoplasm Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
Neoplasm Proteins / immunology
Nivolumab
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / antagonists & inhibitors
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / immunology
Research Design
Therapies, Investigational*
Tumor Escape / drug effects
Tumor Escape / immunology
Tumor Microenvironment / immunology
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / drug therapy
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / immunology
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / therapy*

Substances

Antibodies, Monoclonal
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
B7-H1 Antigen
Biomarkers, Tumor
CD274 protein, human
Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors
Neoplasm Proteins
PDCD1 protein, human
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
Nivolumab
atezolizumab