Is spinal cord stimulation safe? A review of 13 years of implantations and complications

Rev Neurol (Paris). 2016 Nov;172(11):689-695. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2016.09.003. Epub 2016 Oct 21.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this review was to evaluate the complications of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for chronic pain.

Methods: This was a retrospective case series of 212 patients treated with SCS for chronic lower-limb neuropathic pain between March 2002 and February 2015 in a Reims academic hospital. All patients received a surgically implanted paddle-type electrode. Complications with this technique are here described and analyzed, and other treatment and preventative methods proposed.

Results: The major indication was 'failed back surgery syndrome', and 74 (35%) patients experienced complications, of which 57% were benign, while 42% required invasive treatment. Most frequent complications (n=22, 10%) were hardware malfunctions. There were two cases (0.9%) of postoperative neurological deficit and nine (4.2%) with postoperative infections. All patients received the appropriate treatment for their complication.

Conclusion: Despite the presence of complications, SCS is still a safe technique, although careful patient selection and proper surgical technique can help to avoid major complications.

Keywords: Chronic pain; Complications; Spinal cord stimulation.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Chronic Pain / epidemiology
  • Chronic Pain / therapy*
  • Electric Stimulation Therapy / adverse effects
  • Electric Stimulation Therapy / instrumentation
  • Electric Stimulation Therapy / methods
  • Electrodes, Implanted* / adverse effects
  • Electrodes, Implanted* / statistics & numerical data
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Spinal Cord Stimulation / adverse effects*
  • Spinal Cord Stimulation / instrumentation
  • Spinal Cord Stimulation / statistics & numerical data
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Young Adult