Incidence and factors associated with emergency department visits for recurrent skin and soft tissue infections in patients in California, 2005-2011

Epidemiol Infect. 2017 Mar;145(4):746-754. doi: 10.1017/S0950268816002855. Epub 2016 Dec 5.

Abstract

More than 2 million visits for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are seen in US emergency departments (EDs) yearly. Up to 50% of patients with SSTIs, suffer from recurrences, but associated factors remain poorly understood. We performed a retrospective study of patients with primary diagnosis of SSTI between 2005 and 2011 using California ED discharge data from the State Emergency Department Databases and State Inpatient Databases. Using a multivariable logistic regression, we examined factors associated with a repeat SSTI ED visits up to 6 months after the initial SSTI. Among 197 371 SSTIs, 16·3% were associated with a recurrent ED visit. We found no trend in recurrent visits over time (χ 2 trend = 0·68, P = 0·4). Race/ethnicity, age, geographical location, household income, and comorbidities were all associated with recurrent visits. Recurrent ED visits were associated with drug/alcohol abuse or liver disease [odds ratio (OR) 1·4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·3-1·4], obesity (OR 1·3, 95% CI 1·2-1·4), and in infections that were drained (OR 1·1, 95% CI 1·1-1·1) and inversely associated with hospitalization after initial ED visit (OR 0·4, 95% CI 0·3-0·4). In conclusion, we found several patient-level factors associated with recurrent ED visits. Identification of these high-risk groups is critical for future ED-based interventions.

Keywords: Skin and soft tissue.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • California / epidemiology
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Emergency Medical Services*
  • Emergency Service, Hospital
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Recurrence
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Skin Diseases, Infectious / diagnosis*
  • Skin Diseases, Infectious / epidemiology*
  • Soft Tissue Infections / diagnosis*
  • Soft Tissue Infections / epidemiology*
  • Young Adult