Assessing social cognition: age-related changes in moral reasoning in childhood and adolescence

Clin Neuropsychol. 2017 Apr;31(3):515-530. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2016.1268650. Epub 2017 Jan 12.

Abstract

Objective: There is increasing recognition that socio-cognitive skills, such as moral reasoning (MR), are affected in a wide range of developmental and neuropsychological conditions. However, the lack of appropriate measures available to neuropsychologists poses a challenge for the direct assessment of these skills. This study sought to explore age-related changes in MR using an innovative visual tool and examine the developmental sensitivity of the task.

Method: To address some of the methodological limitations of traditional measures of MR, a novel, visual task, the Socio-Moral Reasoning Aptitude Level (So-Moral), was used to evaluate MR in 216 healthy participants aged 6-20 years.

Results: The findings show a linear increase in MR from childhood to late adolescence with significant group differences between childhood (6-8 years) and preadolescence (9-11 years), and between early adolescence (12-14 years) and middle adolescence (15-17 years).

Conclusions: Interpreted in light of current brain development research, the results highlight age-related changes in MR that offer insight into typical MR development and opportunities for comparisons with clinical populations. The findings also provide evidence of the potential of the So-Moral as a developmentally appropriate measure of MR throughout childhood and adolescence.

Keywords: Moral reasoning; age-related changes; developmental sensitivity; neuropsychological assessment; social cognition.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adolescent Development
  • Aging / psychology*
  • Brain / growth & development
  • Child
  • Child Development
  • Cognition*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Morals*
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Sex Characteristics
  • Social Behavior*
  • Social Perception
  • Thinking
  • Wechsler Scales
  • Young Adult