Response: Formalism or pluralism? A reply to commentaries on 'Causality and causal inference in epidemiology'

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Jonannesburg, South Africa.
• ² Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden, The Netherlands and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
• ³ Department of Medical Statistics and Centre for Global NCDs, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK and Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.