How do individuals cope with stress? Behavioural, physiological and neuronal differences between proactive and reactive coping styles in fish

J Exp Biol. 2017 Apr 15;220(Pt 8):1524-1532. doi: 10.1242/jeb.153213. Epub 2017 Feb 6.

Abstract

Despite the use of fish models to study human mental disorders and dysfunctions, knowledge of regional telencephalic responses in non-mammalian vertebrates expressing alternative stress coping styles is poor. As perception of salient stimuli associated with stress coping in mammals is mainly under forebrain limbic control, we tested region-specific forebrain neural (i.e. mRNA abundance and monoamine neurochemistry) and endocrine responses under basal and acute stress conditions for previously characterised proactive and reactive Atlantic salmon. Reactive fish showed a higher degree of the neurogenesis marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) and dopamine activity under basal conditions in the proposed hippocampus homologue (Dl) and higher post-stress plasma cortisol levels. Proactive fish displayed higher post-stress serotonergic signalling (i.e. higher serotonergic activity and expression of the 5-HT1A receptor) in the proposed amygdala homologue (Dm), increased expression of the neuroplasticity marker brain-derived neurotropic factor (bdnf) in both Dl and the lateral septum homologue (Vv), as well as increased expression of the corticotropin releasing factor 1 (crf1 ) receptor in the Dl, in line with active coping neuro-profiles reported in the mammalian literature. We present novel evidence of proposed functional equivalences in the fish forebrain with mammalian limbic structures.

Keywords: Atlantic salmon; BDNF; Limbic areas; Neural plasticity; Serotonin.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animal Migration
  • Animals
  • Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / genetics
  • Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / metabolism
  • Hydrocortisone / blood
  • Neurogenesis
  • Neuronal Plasticity
  • Oxygen / metabolism
  • Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / genetics
  • Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / metabolism
  • Prosencephalon / physiology*
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A / genetics
  • Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A / metabolism
  • Salmo salar / blood
  • Salmo salar / physiology*
  • Stress, Physiological*
  • Transcription, Genetic

Substances

  • Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
  • Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A
  • Oxygen
  • Hydrocortisone