End-stage renal disease and severe aortic stenosis: Does valve replacement improve one-year outcomes?

Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2017 May;89(6):1109-1115. doi: 10.1002/ccd.26875. Epub 2017 Feb 17.

Abstract

Background: Treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and severe aortic stenosis (AS) includes balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV), surgical (SAVR), or transcatheter (TAVR) aortic valve replacement. We compared outcomes among these strategies.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients with ESRD undergoing treatment for severe AS between 07/2007 and 06/2015 was performed at our center. Patients were classified based on treatment: BAV-only, TAVR, or SAVR. Baseline characteristics and 30-day outcomes were compared among groups. A 1-year survival analysis was performed.

Results: Of 85 patients, 25 (29.4%) underwent BAV, 30 (35.3%) TAVR, and 30 (35.3%) SAVR. Patients in the SAVR group, compared to the BAV or TAVR patients, were younger (63 vs. 74 vs. 71 years, P = 0.02) and had less prior stroke (3.3% vs. 12.0% vs. 30.0%, P = 0.008). While all BAV patients had NYHA class III/IV, 93.3% and 76.7% of patients had NYHA class III/IV in the TAVR and SAVR group, respectively (P = 0.001). BAV patients were less likely to have atrial fibrillation than TAVR or SAVR patients (16.0% vs. 43.3% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.03). All patients were high risk, but there was a statistical trend to lower STS scores in the SAVR group (8.6% vs. 13.5% vs. 13.5%, P = 0.08). There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality (16.7% vs. 10.0% vs. 10.0%, P = 0.74), but BAV treated patients had an increased 1-year mortality compared to those treated with TAVR or SAVR (87.0% vs. 32.0%, vs. 36.7%, P=<0.001). Independent predictors of 1-year mortality were a higher STS score (HR 1.026, 95%CI 1.002-1.051) and BAV-only strategy (BAV vs. TAVR: HR 3.961, 95%CI 1.595-9.840), but dialysis duration and type, and SAVR versus TAVR were not.

Conclusions: Patients with ESRD and severe AS have a similar and higher survival with TAVR or SAVR when compared to BAV at 1-year. These results may influence patient care decisions favoring valve replacement in AS patients with ESRD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Keywords: aortic stenosis; aortic valve replacement; end-stage renal disease on dialysis.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / complications
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / diagnosis
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / mortality
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / surgery*
  • Balloon Valvuloplasty* / adverse effects
  • Balloon Valvuloplasty* / mortality
  • Female
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation* / adverse effects
  • Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation* / mortality
  • Humans
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / complications*
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / diagnosis
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / mortality
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / therapy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patient Selection
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Renal Dialysis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Time Factors
  • Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement* / adverse effects
  • Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement* / mortality
  • Treatment Outcome