[Androgen receptors in breast cancer: Expression, value and therapeutic prospects]

Bull Cancer. 2017 Apr;104(4):363-369. doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.01.005. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
[Article in French]

Abstract

Triple-negative (TN) breast cancer are characterized by lack of estrogen receptor (OR) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression, and the absence of overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It is a heterogeneous group of tumors with a more pejorative prognosis than other subtypes of breast cancer. Androgen receptors (AR) are nuclear receptors whose expression varies from 80 to 85% of primary breast cancers and 60 to 75% of metastatic cancers. Among the TN breast cancers, the luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype expresses AR more frequently, up to 53% of the cases. AR are associated with lower tumor size, histological grade, Ki67, and lymph node involvement. The results of recent clinical trials evaluating anti-androgen therapies in locally advanced or metastatic TN breast cancer are promising. Many new therapies are tested, including enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate, and numerous therapeutic combinations including PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors or CDK inhibitors. These therapies would allow an alternative treatment of patients with TN breast cancer for which there is often a therapeutic impasse.

Keywords: Androgen receptors; Breast cancer; Cancer du sein; Récepteurs aux androgènes.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Abiraterone Acetate / therapeutic use
  • Androgen Antagonists / therapeutic use
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Benzamides
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Ki-67 Antigen / metabolism
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism*
  • Nitriles
  • Phenylthiohydantoin / analogs & derivatives
  • Phenylthiohydantoin / therapeutic use
  • Prognosis
  • Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Receptors, Androgen / chemistry
  • Receptors, Androgen / metabolism*
  • Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / antagonists & inhibitors
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / pathology
  • Tumor Burden

Substances

  • Androgen Antagonists
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Benzamides
  • Ki-67 Antigen
  • Neoplasm Proteins
  • Nitriles
  • Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
  • Receptors, Androgen
  • Phenylthiohydantoin
  • enzalutamide
  • Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • CDK4 protein, human
  • CDK6 protein, human
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6
  • Abiraterone Acetate