Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a central metabolite that is of critical importance in many cellular processes. The development of sensitive and selective methods for the detection of ATP level in vivo is crucial in diagnostic and theranostic applications. In this work, we have developed a polyA-based aptamer nanobeacon (PAaptNB) with improved efficiency and speed of ATP analysis. We found that the dissociation constants and competitive binding kinetics of the PAaptNB could be programmably regulated by adjusting the polyA length. When the polyA length reached to 30 bases, a 10 μM detection limit for ATP assay with PAaptNB can be achieved (∼10-fold improvement compared with the conventional thiol-based aptamer nanobeacon). The feasibility of the PAaptNB for in vivo assay was further demonstrated by imaging intracellular ATP molecules. This study provides a new strategy to construct high-efficiency and high-speed biosensors for cellular molecules analysis, which holds great potential in bioanalysis and theranostic applications.
Keywords: aptamer; cellular analysis; nanobeacon; self-assembly; spherical nucleic acid; surface engineering.