Predicting floods with Flickr tags

PLoS One. 2017 Feb 24;12(2):e0172870. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172870. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

Increasingly, user generated content (UGC) in social media postings and their associated metadata such as time and location stamps are being used to provide useful operational information during natural hazard events such as hurricanes, storms and floods. The main advantage of these new sources of data are twofold. First, in a purely additive sense, they can provide much denser geographical coverage of the hazard as compared to traditional sensor networks. Second, they provide what physical sensors are not able to do: By documenting personal observations and experiences, they directly record the impact of a hazard on the human environment. For this reason interpretation of the content (e.g., hashtags, images, text, emojis, etc) and metadata (e.g., keywords, tags, geolocation) have been a focus of much research into social media analytics. However, as choices of semantic tags in the current methods are usually reduced to the exact name or type of the event (e.g., hashtags '#Sandy' or '#flooding'), the main limitation of such approaches remains their mere nowcasting capacity. In this study we make use of polysemous tags of images posted during several recent flood events and demonstrate how such volunteered geographic data can be used to provide early warning of an event before its outbreak.

MeSH terms

  • Cyclonic Storms
  • Data Collection
  • Disaster Planning*
  • Disasters*
  • Environmental Monitoring / methods
  • Floods*
  • Geography*
  • Humans
  • Internet
  • Photography
  • Risk Assessment / methods*
  • Social Media

Grants and funding

The lead author gratefully acknowledges funding by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant no. EP/L016400/1), the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Urban Science and Progress. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.