Identifying subgroups of enhanced predictive accuracy from longitudinal biomarker data using tree-based approaches: applications to fetal growth

Longitudinal monitoring of biomarkers is often helpful for predicting disease or a poor clinical outcome. In this paper, We consider the prediction of both large and small-for-gestational-age births using longitudinal ultrasound measurements, and attempt to identify subgroups of women for whom prediction is more (or less) accurate, should they exist. We propose a tree-based approach to identifying such subgroups, and a pruning algorithm which explicitly incorporates a desired type-I error rate, allowing us to control the risk of false discovery of subgroups. The proposed methods are applied to data from the Scandinavian Fetal Growth Study, and are evaluated via simulations.