Use of Highly Specific Molecular Markers Reveals Positive Correlation between Abundances of Mesodinium cf. major and Its Preferred Prey, Teleaulax amphioxeia, During Red Water Blooms in the Columbia River Estuary

J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2017 Nov;64(6):740-755. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12407. Epub 2017 Apr 7.

Abstract

In a previous study, Teleaulax amphioxeia-the preferred prey of Mesodinium in the Columbia River estuary-were undetectable within intense annual blooms, suggesting blooms are prey-limited or prey are acquired outside of bloom patches. We used a novel molecular approach specifically targeting the prey (i.e., Unique Sequence Element [USE] within the ribosomal RNA 28S D2 regions of T. amphioxeia nucleus and nucleomorph) in estuarine water samples acquired autonomously with an Environmental Sample Processor integrated within a monitoring network (ESP-SATURN). This new approach allowed for both more specific detection of the prey and better constraint of sample variability. A positive correlation was observed between abundances of M. cf. major and T. amphioxeia during bloom periods. The correlation was stronger at depth (> 8.2 m) and weak or nonexistent in the surface, suggesting that predator-prey dynamics become uncoupled when stratification is strong. We confirmed exclusive selectivity for T. amphioxeia by M. cf. major and observed the incorporation of the prey nucleus into a 4-nuclei complex, where it remained functionally active. The specific biomarker for T. amphioxeia was also recovered in M. cf. major samples from a Namibian coastal bloom, suggesting that a specific predator-prey relationship might be widespread between M. cf. major and T. amphioxeia.

Keywords: Cryptophyte; Environmental Sample Processor; Unique Sequence Element; predator-prey.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Ciliophora / classification
  • Ciliophora / genetics
  • Ciliophora / growth & development*
  • Ciliophora / isolation & purification*
  • Cluster Analysis
  • Cryptophyta / classification
  • Cryptophyta / genetics
  • Cryptophyta / growth & development*
  • Cryptophyta / isolation & purification*
  • DNA, Algal / chemistry
  • DNA, Algal / genetics
  • DNA, Protozoan / chemistry
  • DNA, Protozoan / genetics
  • DNA, Ribosomal / chemistry
  • DNA, Ribosomal / genetics
  • Ecosystem*
  • Estuaries
  • Phylogeny
  • Population Density
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 28S / genetics
  • Rivers / microbiology*
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA

Substances

  • DNA, Algal
  • DNA, Protozoan
  • DNA, Ribosomal
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 28S

Associated data

  • GENBANK/FJ176709
  • GENBANK/GQ396273.1
  • GENBANK/AF318250
  • GENBANK/KY362520
  • GENBANK/JN412737
  • GENBANK/HQ227992
  • GENBANK/JN412738
  • GENBANK/KX908114
  • GENBANK/KX908134
  • GENBANK/KX908135
  • GENBANK/KX908115