Reduced dosage of β-catenin provides significant rescue of cardiac outflow tract anomalies in a Tbx1 conditional null mouse model of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

PLoS Genet. 2017 Mar 27;13(3):e1006687. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006687. eCollection 2017 Mar.

Abstract

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS; velo-cardio-facial syndrome; DiGeorge syndrome) is a congenital anomaly disorder in which haploinsufficiency of TBX1, encoding a T-box transcription factor, is the major candidate for cardiac outflow tract (OFT) malformations. Inactivation of Tbx1 in the anterior heart field (AHF) mesoderm in the mouse results in premature expression of pro-differentiation genes and a persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) in which septation does not form between the aorta and pulmonary trunk. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin has major roles in cardiac OFT development that may act upstream of Tbx1. Consistent with an antagonistic relationship, we found the opposite gene expression changes occurred in the AHF in β-catenin loss of function embryos compared to Tbx1 loss of function embryos, providing an opportunity to test for genetic rescue. When both alleles of Tbx1 and one allele of β-catenin were inactivated in the Mef2c-AHF-Cre domain, 61% of them (n = 34) showed partial or complete rescue of the PTA defect. Upregulated genes that were oppositely changed in expression in individual mutant embryos were normalized in significantly rescued embryos. Further, β-catenin was increased in expression when Tbx1 was inactivated, suggesting that there may be a negative feedback loop between canonical Wnt and Tbx1 in the AHF to allow the formation of the OFT. We suggest that alteration of this balance may contribute to variable expressivity in 22q11.2DS.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / genetics
  • Cardiovascular Abnormalities / genetics*
  • Cardiovascular Abnormalities / metabolism
  • Cell Differentiation / drug effects
  • Cell Proliferation / genetics
  • DiGeorge Syndrome / genetics*
  • DiGeorge Syndrome / metabolism
  • Disease Models, Animal*
  • Gene Expression Profiling / methods
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
  • Humans
  • In Situ Hybridization
  • Mesoderm / cytology
  • Mesoderm / embryology
  • Mesoderm / metabolism
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence
  • Myocytes, Cardiac / metabolism
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • T-Box Domain Proteins / genetics*
  • T-Box Domain Proteins / metabolism
  • Truncus Arteriosus / cytology
  • Truncus Arteriosus / embryology
  • Truncus Arteriosus / metabolism
  • beta Catenin / genetics*
  • beta Catenin / metabolism

Substances

  • T-Box Domain Proteins
  • Tbx1 protein, mouse
  • beta Catenin