Abstract
The programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor which is expressed on the surface of immune effector cells. It is activated mainly by PD-L1 which can be expressed by all human cells. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays a subtle role in maintaining peripheral T-lymphocyte tolerance and regulating inflammation. In cancer, the expression of PD-L1 seems to be one of the major immune escape mechanisms. Many studies have shown efficacy of blocking PD-1 or PD-L1 with specific antibodies like pembrolizumab or atezulizumab. In breast cancer, potential response was demonstrated in metastatic triple-negative breast cancers.
Keywords:
Breast cancer; Immune checkpoints; Immunotherapy; PD1/PD-L1.
© 2017 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / immunology
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use*
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Antineoplastic Agents / immunology
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Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
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B7-H1 Antigen / immunology*
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Breast Neoplasms / drug therapy*
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Breast Neoplasms / immunology*
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Breast Neoplasms / pathology
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Cell Survival / drug effects
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Cell Survival / immunology
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Female
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Humans
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Metabolic Networks and Pathways / drug effects
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Metabolic Networks and Pathways / immunology*
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Molecular Targeted Therapy / methods
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / immunology*
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T-Lymphocytes / drug effects
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
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Treatment Outcome
Substances
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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Antineoplastic Agents
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B7-H1 Antigen
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CD274 protein, human
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PDCD1 protein, human
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Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor