The role of acetone in the [omim][BF4]-mediated adverse effects on tissues of mussels, human lymphocytes and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

J Hazard Mater. 2017 Jul 5:333:339-347. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.050. Epub 2017 Mar 24.

Abstract

The present study investigated [omim][BF4]-mediated adverse effects on biological models widely used in toxicological studies. Specifically, mussels of the genus Mytilus, human lymphocytes and fruit flies of the species Drosophila melanogaster, were exposed to [omim][BF4] at concentrations ranging from micro- to milligrams per liter, with or without the presence of acetone as a carrier solvent and thereafter [omim][BF4]-mediated adverse effects were analyzed appropriately (stress indices, such as lipid peroxidation byproducts, acetylcholinesterase/AChE activity and micronucleus/MN formation frequency, in mussel gills, Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus/CBMN assay and SMART test in human lymphocytes and fruit flies respectively). LC-MS-TOF analysis was also performed for elucidating [omim][BF4] mode of action in the presence of the carrier solvent. The results showed the toxic potential of [omim][BF4], as well as acetone's ability to attenuate [omim][BF4]-mediated toxicity in almost all cases, probably due to the significant effect of acetone on the hydrophilic-lipophilic character and the viscosity of [omim][BF4], as well as its interaction and permeability on the cell membranes. The slight involvement of acetone in the attenuation of [omim][BF4]-mediated genotoxic effects on D. melanogaster could be due to species feeding experimental conditions, thus favoring the induction of antioxidant defense system against the [omim][BF4]-mediated effects in all cases.

Keywords: AChE; CBMN assay; MN assay; SMART test; [omim][BF(4)].

MeSH terms

  • Acetone / pharmacology*
  • Acetylcholinesterase / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Bivalvia / drug effects*
  • Chromatography, Liquid
  • Drosophila melanogaster / drug effects*
  • Gills / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Imidazoles / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Imidazoles / toxicity*
  • Lipid Peroxidation / drug effects
  • Lymphocytes / drug effects*
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Micronucleus Tests
  • Mutagens / toxicity*
  • Mutation
  • Recombination, Genetic
  • Stress, Physiological / drug effects

Substances

  • 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate
  • Imidazoles
  • Mutagens
  • Acetone
  • Acetylcholinesterase