Response of non-motor symptoms to levodopa in late-stage Parkinson's disease: Results of a levodopa challenge test

Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2017 Jun:39:37-43. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.02.007. Epub 2017 Feb 7.

Abstract

Background: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are extremely common among late-stage Parkinson's disease (LSPD) patients. Levodopa (L-dopa) responsiveness seems to decrease with disease progression but its effect on NMS in LSPD still needs to be investigated.

Objective: To assess the response of blood pressure (BP), pain, fatigue and anxiety to L-dopa in LSPD patients.

Methods: 20 LSPD patients, defined as Schwab and England ADL Scale <50 or Hoehn Yahr Stage >3 (MED ON) and 22 PD patients treated with subthalamic deep brain stimulation (advanced PD group) underwent an L-dopa challenge. BP and orthostatic hypotension (OH) assessment, a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and fatigue and the Strait Trait Anxiety (STAI) were evaluated before and after the L-dopa challenge.

Results: Systolic BP dropped significantly after L-dopa intake (p < 0.05) in LSPD patients, while there was no change in pain, fatigue or anxiety. L-dopa significantly improved (p < 0.05) pain and anxiety in the advanced PD group, whereas it had no effect on BP or fatigue. L-dopa-related adverse effects (AEs), namely OH and sleepiness, were more common among LSPD patients. 40% and 65% of LSPD patients were not able to fill out the VAS and the STAI, respectively, while measurement of orthostatic BP was not possible in four LSPD patients.

Conclusions: This exploratory study concludes that some non-motor variables in LSPD do not benefit from the acute action of L-dopa while it can still induce disabling AEs. There is a need for assessment tools of NMS adapted to these disabled LSPD patients.

Keywords: Late-stage; Levodopa; Non-motor symptoms; Parkinson's disease.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antiparkinson Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Anxiety / drug therapy*
  • Anxiety / etiology
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Fatigue / drug therapy*
  • Fatigue / etiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Levodopa / therapeutic use*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pain / drug therapy*
  • Pain / etiology
  • Parkinson Disease* / complications
  • Parkinson Disease* / drug therapy
  • Parkinson Disease* / psychology
  • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Visual Analog Scale

Substances

  • Antiparkinson Agents
  • Levodopa