Can cadaverous pollution from environmental lead misguide to false positive results in the histochemical determination of gunshot residues? Study on cadaveric skin samples

Forensic Sci Int. 2017 Aug:277:16-20. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.05.004. Epub 2017 May 13.

Abstract

Histochemical determination of lead in gunshot residues (GSR) raises the question of possible environmental contamination by heavy metals. Authors assess the specificity of the Sodium Rhodizonate Test in the search of lead derived from environmental pollution. Sodium Rhodizonate Test and 5% HCl Sodium Rhodizonate test were applied to skin samples taken from two groups of victims, whose cause of death was not related to gunshot wounds: group A included 25 corpses found in open spaces after a long time; group B included 16 corpses exhumed after a period of 11 years. The use of these histochemical tests to skin samples from these two groups did not show metal debris histochemically similar to the lead present in GSR. These tests were confirmed to be specific in highlighting the GSR coming from gunshot, without being affected by the potential environmental contamination of the heavy metal pollutants, coming from air or soil.

Keywords: Environmental lead; Forensic pathology; Forensic science; Gunshot residues (GSR); Gunshot wounds; Sodium Rhodizonate Test (SRT).

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antimony / analysis*
  • Barium / analysis*
  • Burial
  • Cadaver
  • Environmental Pollution*
  • Exhumation
  • False Positive Reactions
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lead / analysis*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Postmortem Changes
  • Skin / chemistry*
  • Wounds, Gunshot / diagnosis
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Barium
  • Lead
  • Antimony