New imaging techniques in retinal vasculitis

The term retinal vasculitis (RV) encompasses a heterogeneous group of sight-threatening conditions that are included in the intraocular inflammatory diseases that affect the posterior segment of the eye. Based on the nature of the inflammatory process, RV are classified into predominantly inflammatory or ischaemic (occlusive RV). The diagnosis is clinical and the aetiology can be infectious or non-infectious (immune-mediated). RV can be an isolated ocular syndrome or be associated with a systemic disease, of which they can represent the first manifestation. New retinal imaging techniques such as ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography will help us classify the RV and aid the diagnostic process, which can be challenging and require a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, clinical knowledge of RV is essential for prompt diagnosis and to establish the appropriate treatment.