PSD-93 Attenuates Amyloid-β-Mediated Cognitive Dysfunction by Promoting the Catabolism of Amyloid-β

J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;59(3):913-927. doi: 10.3233/JAD-170320.

Abstract

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a key neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Postsynaptic density protein 93 (PSD-93) is a key scaffolding protein enriched at postsynaptic sites. The aim of the present study was to examine whether PSD-93 overexpression could alleviate Aβ-induced cognitive dysfunction in APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice by reducing Aβ levels in the brain. The level of PSD-93 was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice compared with that in wild-type mice. Following lentivirus-mediated PSD-93 overexpression, cognitive function, synaptic function, and amyloid burden were investigated. The open field test, Morris water maze test, and fear condition test revealed that PSD-93 overexpression ameliorated spatial memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. The facilitation of long-term potentiation induction was observed in APP/PS1 mice after PSD-93 overexpression. The expression of somatostatin receptor 4 (SSTR4) and neprilysin was increased, while the amyloid plaque load and Aβ levels were decreased in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, PSD-93 interacted with SSTR4 and affected the level of SSTR4 on cell membrane, which was associated with the ubiquitination. Together, these findings suggest that PSD-93 attenuates spatial memory deficits and decreases amyloid levels in APP/PS1 mice, which might be associated with Aβ catabolism, and overexpression of PSD-93 might be a potential therapy for AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid-β; postsynaptic density protein 93; somatostatin receptor 4.

MeSH terms

  • Alzheimer Disease / complications
  • Alzheimer Disease / genetics
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides / metabolism*
  • Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / genetics
  • Animals
  • Brain / cytology
  • Cognition Disorders / etiology*
  • Cognition Disorders / pathology*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Exploratory Behavior / physiology
  • Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
  • Gene Expression Regulation / genetics
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / metabolism
  • Guanylate Kinases / genetics
  • Guanylate Kinases / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Immunoprecipitation
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Male
  • Maze Learning
  • Membrane Proteins / genetics
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Mutation / genetics
  • Neurons / drug effects
  • Presenilin-1 / genetics
  • Transduction, Genetic

Substances

  • Amyloid beta-Peptides
  • Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Presenilin-1
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins
  • Dlg2 protein, mouse
  • Guanylate Kinases