Apex predator and the cyclic competition in a rock-paper-scissors game of three species

Phys Rev E. 2017 Jun;95(6-1):062411. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.95.062411. Epub 2017 Jun 19.

Abstract

This work deals with the effects of an apex predator on the cyclic competition among three distinct species that follow the rules of the rock-paper-scissors game. The investigation develops standard stochastic simulations but is motivated by a procedure which is explained in the work. We add the apex predator as the fourth species in a system that contains three species that evolve following the standard rules of migration, reproduction, and predation, and study how the system evolves in this new environment, in comparison with the case in the absence of the apex predator. The results show that the apex predator engenders the tendency to spread uniformly in the lattice, contributing to destroy the spiral patterns, keeping biodiversity but diminishing the average size of the clusters of the species that compete cyclically.

MeSH terms

  • Animal Distribution
  • Animals
  • Computer Simulation
  • Food Chain*
  • Game Theory
  • Games, Experimental
  • Models, Biological*
  • Predatory Behavior*
  • Reproduction
  • Stochastic Processes