Frequency of exercise-induced ST-T-segment deviations and cardiac arrhythmias in recreational endurance athletes during a marathon race: results of the prospective observational Berlin Beat of Running study

BMJ Open. 2017 Aug 3;7(8):e015798. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015798.

Abstract

Objectives: While regular physical exercise has many health benefits, strenuous physical exercise may have a negative impact on cardiac function. The 'Berlin Beat of Running' study focused on feasibility and diagnostic value of continuous ECG monitoring in recreational endurance athletes during a marathon race. We hypothesised that cardiac arrhythmias and especially atrial fibrillation are frequently found in a cohort of recreational endurance athletes. The main secondary hypothesis was that pathological laboratory findings in these athletes are (in part) associated with cardiac arrhythmias.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study including healthy volunteers.

Setting and participants: One hundred and nine experienced marathon runners wore a portable ECG recorder during a marathon race in Berlin, Germany. Athletes underwent blood tests 2-3 days prior, directly after and 1-2 days after the race.

Results: Overall, 108 athletes (median 48 years (IQR 45-53), 24% women) completed the marathon in 249±43 min. Blinded ECG analysis revealed abnormal findings during the marathon in 18 (16.8%) athletes. Ten (9.3%) athletes had at least one episode of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, one of whom had atrial fibrillation; eight (7.5%) individuals showed transient ST-T-segment deviations. Abnormal ECG findings were associated with advanced age (OR 1.11 per year, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.23), while sex and cardiovascular risk profile had no impact. Directly after the race, high-sensitive troponin T was elevated in 18 (16.7%) athletes and associated with ST-T-segment deviation (OR 9.9, 95% CI 1.9 to 51.5), while age, sex and cardiovascular risk profile had no impact.

Conclusions: ECG monitoring during a marathon is feasible. Abnormal ECG findings were present in every sixth athlete. Exercise-induced transient ST-T-segment deviations were associated with elevated high-sensitive troponin T (hsTnT) values.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01428778; Results.

Keywords: ECG; Marathon; arrhythmia; magnetic resonance imaging; troponin.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Arrhythmias, Cardiac / blood
  • Arrhythmias, Cardiac / diagnosis
  • Arrhythmias, Cardiac / epidemiology*
  • Athletes
  • Atrial Fibrillation / blood
  • Atrial Fibrillation / diagnosis
  • Atrial Fibrillation / epidemiology
  • Berlin
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / blood
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / diagnosis
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / physiopathology
  • Electrocardiography
  • Female
  • Heart Conduction System / physiopathology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Monitoring, Ambulatory
  • Odds Ratio
  • Physical Endurance / physiology*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Recreation
  • Risk Factors
  • Running / physiology*
  • Troponin T / blood

Substances

  • Troponin T

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01428778