Compound A influences gene regulation of the Dexamethasone-activated glucocorticoid receptor by alternative cofactor recruitment

Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 14;7(1):8063. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07941-y.

Abstract

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a transcription factor of which the underlying gene regulatory mechanisms are complex and incompletely understood. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Compound A (CpdA), a selective GR modulating compound in various cell models, has been shown to favour GR-mediated gene repression but not GR-mediated gene activation. Shifting balances towards only a particular subset of GR gene regulatory events may be of benefit in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. We present evidence to support that the combination of CpdA with Dexamethasone (DEX), a classic steroidal GR ligand, can shape GR function towards a unique gene regulatory profile in a cell type-dependent manner. The molecular basis hereof is a changed GR phosphorylation status concomitant with a change in the GR cofactor recruitment profile. We subsequently identified and confirmed the orphan nuclear receptor SHP as a coregulator that is specifically enriched at GR when CpdA and DEX are combined. Combining CpdA with DEX not only leads to stronger suppression of pro-inflammatory gene expression, but also enhanced anti-inflammatory GR target gene expression in epithelial cells, making ligand combination strategies in future a potentially attractive alternative manner of skewing and fine-tuning GR effects towards an improved therapeutic benefit.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • A549 Cells
  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacology*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Dexamethasone / pharmacology*
  • Epithelial Cells / drug effects
  • Epithelial Cells / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects*
  • Humans
  • Inflammation / drug therapy
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Ligands
  • Mice
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / metabolism
  • Receptors, Glucocorticoid / metabolism*
  • Transcriptional Activation / drug effects

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
  • Ligands
  • Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
  • Receptors, Glucocorticoid
  • nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2
  • Dexamethasone