Hypervolemia, hypoalbuminemia and mitral calcification as markers of cardiovascular risk in peritoneal dialysis patients

Rev Port Cardiol. 2017 Sep;36(9):599-604. doi: 10.1016/j.repc.2016.12.014. Epub 2017 Aug 23.
[Article in English, Portuguese]

Abstract

Introduction: Mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease is higher than in the general population. This is linked to traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, as well as with risk factors associated with end-stage renal disease itself. The aim of this study is to identify CV risk markers in patients beginning peritoneal dialysis (PD) and their association with CV events and CV mortality.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 112 incident PD patients, in which demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters, valvular calcifications, types of PD solutions, hospitalizations, CV events and death were analyzed. Occurrence of CV events or death due to a CV event after PD initiation was defined as the primary endpoint. The use of icodextrin solution was taken as a marker of hypervolemia.

Results: Mean age was 53.7±16.1 years. Patients were treated with PD for 29.3±17.4 months. Eighteen patients (16.1%) had valvular calcifications at baseline, 15 patients (13.4%) had major CV events and 11 patients (9.8%) died from CV-related causes. Cox proportional hazards analysis of CV events or CV-related mortality revealed that mitral calcification, use of icodextrin solution and low albumin were independent predictors of CV events or mortality.

Conclusions: Traditional CV risk factors appear to have little impact on CV complications in PD patients. Nevertheless, hypervolemia, hypoalbuminemia and mitral calcifications were independent predictors of CV events or mortality in this group of patients.

Keywords: Cardiovascular events; Cardiovascular mortality; Diálise peritoneal; Eventos cardiovasculares; Mortalidade cardiovascular; Peritoneal dialysis.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Blood Volume
  • Calcinosis / etiology*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / etiology*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / mortality
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Heart Valve Diseases / etiology*
  • Humans
  • Hypoalbuminemia / etiology*
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / complications*
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / physiopathology
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / therapy*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mitral Valve*
  • Peritoneal Dialysis*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors