IVUS Findings in Late and Very Late Stent Thrombosis. A Comparison Between Bare-metal and Drug-eluting Stents

Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2018 May;71(5):335-343. doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2017.08.001. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
[Article in English, Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction and objectives: Stent thrombosis (ST) is a life-threatening complication after stent implantation. Intravascular ultrasound is able to discern most causes of ST. The aim of this study was to compare intravascular ultrasound findings between bare-metal stents (BMS) and drug-eluting stents (DES) in patients with late (31 days to 1 year) or very late ST (> 1 year).

Methods: Of 250 consecutive patients with late or very late ST in 7 Spanish institutions, 114 patients (45.5% BMS and 54.5% DES) were imaged with intravascular ultrasound. Off-line intravascular ultrasound analysis was performed to assess malapposition, underexpansion, and neoatherosclerosis.

Results: The median time from stent implantation to ST was 4.0 years with BMS and 3.4 years with DES (P = .04). Isolated malapposition was similarly observed in both groups (36.5% vs 46.8%; P = .18) but was numerically lower with BMS (26.6% vs 48.0%; P = .07) in patients with very late ST. Isolated underexpansion was similarly observed in both groups (13.5% vs 11.3%; P = .47). Isolated neoatherosclerosis occurred only in patients with very late ST and was more prevalent with BMS (22.9%) than with DES (6.0%); P = .02. At 2.9 years' follow-up, there were 0% and 6.9% cardiac deaths, respectively (P = .06) and recurrent ST occurred in 4.0% and 5.2% of patients, respectively (P = .60).

Conclusions: Malapposition was the most common finding in patients with late and very late ST and is more prevalent with DES in very late ST. In contrast, neoatherosclerosis was exclusively observed in patients with very late ST and mainly with BMS.

Keywords: Bare-metal stents; Drug-eluting stents; Ecografía intravascular; Intervención coronaria percutánea; Intravascular ultrasound; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Stent thrombosis; Stents farmacoactivos; Stents metálicos; Trombosis de stent.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / instrumentation*
  • Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / methods
  • Cohort Studies
  • Coronary Angiography / methods
  • Coronary Thrombosis / diagnostic imaging*
  • Coronary Thrombosis / mortality
  • Coronary Thrombosis / therapy*
  • Drug-Eluting Stents*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Male
  • Metals
  • Middle Aged
  • Prosthesis Failure*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Spain
  • Statistics, Nonparametric
  • Survival Rate
  • Thrombosis / diagnostic imaging
  • Thrombosis / epidemiology
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Ultrasonography, Interventional*

Substances

  • Metals