Dynamic changes of QTc interval and prognostic significance in takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy

Clin Cardiol. 2017 Nov;40(11):1116-1122. doi: 10.1002/clc.22798. Epub 2017 Sep 11.

Abstract

Background: Prolonged QT corrected (QTc) intervals are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes both in healthy and high-risk populations. Our objective was to evaluate the QTc intervals during a takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) episodes and their potential prognostic role.

Hypothesis: Dynamic changes of QTc interval during hospitalization for TTC could be associated with outcome at follow-up.

Methods: Fifty-two consecutive patients hospitalized for TTC were enrolled. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed within 3 h after admission and repeated after 3, 5, and 7 days. Patients were classified in 2 groups: group 1 presented the maximal QTc interval length at admission and group 2 developed maximal QTc interval length after admission.

Results: Mean admission QTc interval was 493 ± 71 ms and mean QTc peak interval was 550 ± 76 ms (P < 0.001). Seventeen (33%) patients were included in group 1 and 35 (67%) patients in group 2. There were no differences for cardiovascular risk factors and in terms of ECG findings such as ST elevation, ST depression, and inverted T waves. Rates of adverse events during hospitalization among patients of group 1 and 2 were different although not significantly (20% vs 6%, P = 0.22). After 647 days follow-up, patients of group 1 presented higher risk of cardiovascular rehospitalization (31% vs 6%, P = 0.013; log-rank, P < 0.01). At multivariate analysis, including age and gender, a prolonged QTc interval at admission was significantly associated with higher risk of rehospitalization at follow-up (hazard ratio: 1.07 every 10 ms, 95% confidence interval: 1.003-1.14, P = 0.04).

Conclusions: Prolonged QTc intervals at admission during a TTC episode could be associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular rehospitalization at follow-up. Dynamic increase of QTc intervals after admission are characterized by a trend toward a better prognosis.

Keywords: Follow-up; Prolonged QT; QT interval; Stress Cardiomyopathy; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy.

MeSH terms

  • Action Potentials
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Electrocardiography
  • Female
  • Heart Conduction System / physiopathology*
  • Heart Rate*
  • Humans
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patient Admission
  • Patient Readmission
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / diagnosis
  • Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / physiopathology*
  • Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / therapy
  • Time Factors