Hypogammaglobulinemia in children: a warning sign to look deeply?

APMIS. 2017 Oct;125(10):902-909. doi: 10.1111/apm.12738.

Abstract

This study investigated phenotypic and functional characteristics of lymphocytes in children with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and unclassified hypogammaglobulinemia (UH), as well as B-cell subsets in non-consanguineous parents. Blood samples of 30 children, CVID (n = 9), UH (n = 9), healthy donors HD (n = 12), and 19 adults (parents and controls) were labeled by a combination of surface markers to identify CD4, CD8 T-cell and B-cell subpopulations. T-cell cytokine production in children was analyzed in vitro after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and tetanus toxoid. We observed low percentages of switched memory B cells in children with CVID, increase in total CD4+ T-cell counts, and high percentages of transitional B cells only in UH group. Analysis of T-cell immunity showed that CVID children had decreased percentages of CD8+ IFN-γ-producing cells after stimulation with PHA and tetanus toxoid. Parent of children with CVID had low percentages of naive B cell and increased percentages of memory B cells in comparison with controls. These results suggest that (i) early combined immune defect in children with CVID and (ii) a possible familial B-cell disturbance in pediatric CVID.

Keywords: Hypogammaglobulinemia; children; cytokine; lymphocytes; primary immunodeficiency.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • B-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Common Variable Immunodeficiency / pathology*
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunologic Factors
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Phytohemagglutinins / immunology
  • Tetanus Toxoid / immunology

Substances

  • Cytokines
  • Immunologic Factors
  • Phytohemagglutinins
  • Tetanus Toxoid