CYP21A2 mutation update: Comprehensive analysis of databases and published genetic variants

Hum Mutat. 2018 Jan;39(1):5-22. doi: 10.1002/humu.23351. Epub 2017 Nov 6.

Abstract

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders of adrenal steroidogenesis. Disorders in steroid 21-hydroxylation account for over 95% of patients with CAH. Clinically, the 21-hydroxylase deficiency has been classified in a broad spectrum of clinical forms, ranging from severe or classical, to mild late onset or non-classical. Known allelic variants in the disease causing CYP21A2 gene are spread among different sources. Until recently, most variants reported have been identified in the clinical setting, which presumably bias described variants to pathogenic ones, as those found in the CYPAlleles database. Nevertheless, a large number of variants are being described in massive genome projects, many of which are found in dbSNP, but lack functional implications and/or their phenotypic effect. In this work, we gathered a total of 1,340 GVs in the CYP21A2 gene, from which 899 variants were unique and 230 have an effect on human health, and compiled all this information in an integrated database. We also connected CYP21A2 sequence information to phenotypic effects for all available mutations, including double mutants in cis. Data compiled in the present work could help physicians in the genetic counseling of families affected with 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

Keywords: 21-hydroxylase deficiency; CYP21A2; congenital adrenal hyperplasia; genetic variants; genotype-phenotype correlation.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / diagnosis
  • Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / genetics
  • Alleles
  • Databases, Genetic*
  • Genetic Association Studies
  • Genetic Variation*
  • Genotype
  • Humans
  • Mutation*
  • Phenotype
  • Steroid 21-Hydroxylase / genetics*

Substances

  • CYP21A2 protein, human
  • Steroid 21-Hydroxylase

Supplementary concepts

  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency